Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
seasonal depression - summer time sadness
Introduction
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that has a seasonal pattern. Depressive episodes tend to occur at the same time each year, usually in the winter.
As with other forms of depression, the two main symptoms of SAD are low mood and a lack of interest in life. Other symptoms of SAD include:
being less active than normal
sleeping more
Learn more about the symptoms of seasonal affective disorder.
Winter Depression
SAD is sometimes known as "winter depression" because symptoms are more obvious and tend to be more severe at this time of year.
Symptoms often begin in the fall, when the days begin to shorten. They are the hardest in December, January and February.
In most cases, SAD symptoms begin to decrease in the spring before disappearing.
What causes SAD?
The exact cause of SAD is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to the reduction of sunlight during the shorter days of the year.
Sunlight can affect some chemicals and hormones in the brain. However, it is not clear what this effect is. One theory is that light stimulates a part of the brain called the hypothalamus, which regulates mood, appetite and sleep. These things can affect how you feel.
In SAD patients, lack of sunlight and a problem with certain brain chemicals prevent the hypothalamus from working properly. It is believed that the lack of light affects:
the production of the hormone melatonin
the production of the hormone serotonin
the circadian rhythm of the body (the body's internal clock, which regulates several biological processes during 2
hours)
Read more about the effect of sunlight. about melatonin, serotonin and the body's circadian rhythm.
Diagnosing SAD
If you have symptoms of SAD, see your doctor. They may do an evaluation to check your mental health.
You may be asked about your mood, lifestyle, eating and sleeping habits and seasonal changes in your thoughts and behavior.
Learn more about diagnosing seasonal affective disorder.
SAD Treatment
As with any depression, SAD can be difficult to live with. It can make you feel tired, stressed and unhappy. However, it can usually be treated successfully.
Light therapy is often used to treat SAD. This involves sitting in front of or under the light box. Light boxes produce very bright light. They come in a variety of designs, including table lamps and wall-mounted lamps.
Consult your doctor and read the manufacturer's instructions before using Light Box to treat SAD.
Depending on the nature and severity of your symptoms, your doctor may also recommend talking therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or medications such as antidepressants.
They will recommend the most appropriate treatment program for you, which may include a combination of treatments.
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